Chemokines are said to be small peptides that are chemoattractants for leukocyte subpopulations within local inflammation sites. Gingival inflammation is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells. The point of this study was to examine the presence or absence of chemokine-positive cells and chemokine receptor-positive cells by means of immunohistochemical methods in samples of gingival tissues obtained from patients with marginal periodontitis. Macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, (IFN-γ)-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and RANTES-producing cells were found to be present in inflamed human gingival tissues. In addition, CCR5- and CXCR3-positive cells were present. In contrast, no factor expression was observed in periodontally healthy gingival tissue. Our findings suggest that these chemokines may be responsible for modulating the process of infectious disease such as marginal periodontitis.